29 research outputs found

    Identification of urban sectors prone to solid waste accumulation: A machine learning approach based on social indicators

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    In the last decades, the accumulation of municipal solid waste in urban areas has become a latent concern in our society due to its implications for the exposed population and the possible health and environmental issues it may cause. In this sense, this research study contributes to the timely identification of these sectors according to the anthropogenic characteristics of their residents as dictated by 10 social indicators (i.e., age, education, income, among others) sorted into three assessment categories (sociodemographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic). Then, the data collected was processed and analyzed using two machine learning algorithms (random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR)). The primary information that fed the machine learning model was collected through field visits and local/national reports. For this research, the Puente Piedra and Chaclacayo districts, both located in the province of Lima, Peru, were selected as case studies. Results suggest that the most relevant social indicators that help identifying these sectors are monthly income, consumption patterns, age, and household population density. The experiments showed that the RF algorithm has the best performance, since it efficiently identified 63% of the possible solid waste accumulation zones. In addition, both models were capable of determining different classes (AUC – RF = 0.65, AUC – LR = 0.71). Finally, the proposed approach is applicable and reproducible in different sectors of the national Peruvian territory.Campus Lima Centr

    A CONFORMIDADE DE REGISTRO DE GESTÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE CONTROLE PREVENTIVO DE ERROS E FRAUDES: PROPOSIÇÃO DE UM PROCESSO GERENCIAL NO ÂMBITO DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE ENSINO

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    The Management Registry Compliance (CRG) is an internal control procedure that needs to be performed satisfactorily and timely by public institutions. This research addresses the question: How should the CRG procedure be performed at a federal educational institution? The following theoretical bases were addressed: Public Accounting and Transparency, Internal Control, SIAFI and Accounting Compliance. And methodological procedures were used to diagnose the current situation and to propose a management process dedicated to a Federal Education Institution. The diagnosis showed that the CRG procedure is not performed correctly, and the main reasons for this problem are the accumulation of functions, the lack of training and the lack of technical knowledge. Finally, this work generated a management process for the correct execution of CRG, technical-technological product, aiming to assist the employees that deal with this discussion.El Cumplimiento de Registro de Gestión (CRG) consiste en un procedimiento de control interno que debe ser implementado por las instituciones publicas de una manera satisfactoria y oportuna. Esta investigación se ocupa de la cuestión: ¿Cómo se debe ejecutar el procedimiento CRG en una institución de educación federal? Se abordaron las siguientes bases teóricas: Contabilidad Publica y Transparencia, Control Interno, SIAFI y Cumplimiento de Contabilidad. Fueron utilizados procedimientos metodológicos para el diagnóstico de la situación actual y proponer un proceso de gestión dedicado a una Institución de Educación Federal. El diagnostico ha mostrado que el procedimiento CRG no es realizado correctamente, siendo las principales razones para este problema la acumulación de funciones, la falta de formación y la falta de conocimientos técnicos. Finalmente, este trabajo generó un proceso de gestión para la correcta ejecución del CRG, producto técnico y tecnológico, destinado a ayudar a los empleados a manejar esta discusión.A Conformidade de Registro de Gestão (CRG) consiste em um procedimento de controle interno, que necessita ser executado pelas instituições públicas de forma satisfatória e tempestivamente. Esta pesquisa trata a questão: Como deve ser executado o procedimento de CRG em uma instituição federal de ensino? Foram abordadas as seguintes bases teóricas: Contabilidade Pública e Transparência, Controle Interno, SIAFI e Conformidade Contábil. E foram usados procedimentos metodológicos tanto para diagnóstico da situação atual quanto para proposição de um processo gerencial dedicado a uma Instituição Federal de Ensino. O diagnóstico evidenciou que o procedimento de CRG não é realizado de forma correta, sendo as principais razões deste problema o acúmulo de funções, a ausência de capacitações e a falta de conhecimento técnico. Por fim, este trabalho gerou um processo gerencial para a correta execução da CRG, produto técnico-tecnológico, visando auxiliar os servidores que lidam com essa discussão.DOI: 10.53706/gep.v.23.642

    Tabebuia avellanedae naphthoquinones: activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains, cytotoxic activity and in vivo dermal irritability analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus infections are a worldwide concern. Currently, these isolates have also shown resistance to vancomycin, the last therapy used in these cases. It has been observed that quinones and other related compounds exhibit antibacterial activity. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity, toxicity and in vivo dermal irritability of lapachol extracted from Tabebuia avellanedae and derivatives against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates. In addition, its mechanism of action was also analyzed. METHODS: The compounds β-lapachone, 3-hydroxy β N lapachone and α-lapachone were tested to determine the MIC values against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus strains, being the two last ones hetero-resistant to vancomycin. Experiments of protein synthesis analysis to investigate the naphthoquinones action were assessed. In vitro toxicity to eukaryotic BSC-40 African Green Monkey Kidney cell cultures and in vivo primary dermal irritability in healthy rabbits were also performed. RESULTS: The compounds tested showed antibacterial activity (MICs of 8, 4/8 and 64/128 μg/mL to β-lapachone, 3-hydroxy β N lapachone and α-lapachone, respectively), but no bactericidal activity was observed (MBC > 512 μg/mL for all compounds). Although it has been observed toxic effect in eukaryotic cells, the compounds were shown to be atoxic when applied as topic preparations in healthy rabbits. No inhibition of proteins synthesis was observed. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that quinones could be used in topic preparations against wound infections caused by staphylococci, after major investigation of the pharmacological properties of the compounds. Studies about the use of these compounds on tumoral cells could be carried on, due to their effect in eukaryotic cells metabolism

    Physical quality of untilled oxisol subjected to mechanical and biological decompaction

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    A escarificação e o uso de plantas de cobertura de inverno têm sido adotados para promover a melhoria dos atributos físicos do solo relacionados à aeração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito das plantas de cobertura de inverno e escarificação nas propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura argilosa, após 16 anos em sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos foram realizados em maio de 2009 e consistiram de: plantio direto (PD), plantio direto com escarificação mecânica a 0,25 m (PD-E) e plantio direto com descompactação biológica por meio da cultura do nabo forrageiro (PD-B). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais. Dezoito meses após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo em cada unidade experimental, em cinco camadas: 0,0-0,1; 0,1-0,2; 0,2-0,3; 0,3-0,4; e 0,4-0,5 m. Foram avaliados os atributos físicos do solo: porosidade, densidade do solo (Ds), permeabilidade ao ar (Ka) e índices de continuidade de poros. A Ka foi medida por meio de um permeâmetro de carga constante de ar em nove potenciais mátricos (ψm): -0,5; -1; -2; -3; -5; -7; -10; -50; e -100 kPa. Os resultados indicam que os atributos físicos do solo avaliados não foram alterados pelo uso de plantas de cobertura e escarificação. Por outro lado, houve diferenças entre camadas de solo, principalmente entre 0,0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m. Na camada de 0,1-0,2 m, a Ds foi maior e a porosidade total e Ka (ψm = -5 kPa) foram menores do que na camada de 0,0-0,1 m. No PD-E, verificou-se que a macroporosidade foi maior na camada de 0,0-0,1 m em comparação com os outros tratamentos. Os resultados sugerem que o solo estudado submetido aos tratamentos de descompactação, após 18 meses, retornou a valores semelhantes aos da testemunha

    Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis

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    Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii(p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion

    A construção das personagens em The Zoo Story: uma abordagem sistêmico-funcional

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    Este trabalho busca mostrar como se dá a interação das personagens Peter e Jerry na peça The Zoo Story, de Edward Albee, tomando como aporte teórico a linguística sistêmico-funcional. Foram analisadas e quantificadas as trocas de informação e de bens e serviços e do recurso à modalidade nas falas das personagens, bem como dos tipos de processo associados a cada uma nas rubricas do texto, de modo a observar como se deu a construção dessas personagens e a dinâmica de sua interação ao longo da peça. A contabilização das funções atribuídas ao Finito mostrou que as personagens deram primazia a localizar aquilo que expressavam no tempo e no espaço; no entanto, os casos de modalidade e de modalização e modulação elucidaram um forte contraste na personalidade de ambas, reflexo de suas diferentes condições socioeconômicas. Finalmente, as manifestações das personagens no plano físico, através da quantificação dos tipos de processos associados a elas, serviram para mostrar as atitudes de cada uma com relação a sua contraparte, atitudes essas nem sempre manifestadas verbalmente, daí a utilidade de observar os processos que guiam as rubricas do texto. Este trabalho busca elucidar algumas propriedades das metafunções experiencial e interpessoal da LSF e mostrar como ela pode ser aplicada à análise do texto literário, revelando aspectos não somente formais do texto, mas também a maneira como as personagens são construídas em relação umas às outras.This paper seeks to show how the interaction between the characters Peter and Jerry takes place in the play The Zoo Story, by Edward Albee, taking systemic-functional linguistics as a theoretical contribution. The exchanges of information and goods and services and the use of modality in the characters’ dialogues were analyzed and quantified, as well as the types of process associated with each one in the performance rubrics, in order to observe the construction of these characters and the dynamics of their interaction throughout the play. The accounting of the functions attributed to Finite showed that the characters gave priority to locating what they expressed in time and space; however, modality and modulation cases elucidated a strong contrast in the personality of both, reflecting their different socioeconomic conditions. Finally, the physical manifestations of the, through the quantification of the types of processes associated with them, served to show the attitudes of each one in relation to their counterpart, attitudes not always manifested verbally, hence the utility of observing the processes that guide the text rubrics. This paper seeks to elucidate some properties of the experiential and interpersonal metafunctions and to show how they can be applied to the analysis of the literary text, revealing not only formal aspects of the text but also the way the characters are constructed in relation to one another.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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